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Make the default 'alt' attribute for Image fields required

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Problem/Motivation

Alternative attribute text is required for images to ensure a site meets WCAG accessibility guidelines. When adding an image field to a content type, the alt text field is currently optional meaning Drupal sites often fail accessibility audits until alt text is added to images.

Note: This issue does not relate to images added via CKeditor. It relates to changing the default setting on the image field to require the alt attribute.

Proposed resolution

Let's switch the default setting so that alternative text is a required field when adding an image field to a content type.

Remaining tasks

None! We are RTBC :-)

git commit -m 'Issue #2303765 by davidhernandez, larowlan, mgifford, kattekrab, Charles Belov: Make the default '\''alt'\'' attribute for Image fields required'

User interface changes

Yes. But minor.

Screenshot with this patch in place.

API changes

None.

Resources on Alternative Text Attributes

http://webaim.org/techniques/alttext/
http://www.sitepoint.com/the-hidden-nuggets-of-wcag2-when-not-to-use-alt...

Beta phase evaluation

Reference: https://www.drupal.org/core/beta-changes
Issue categoryTask - small change for a big accessibility impact.
Prioritized changesThe main goal of this issue is accessibility

Original report by @Charles Belov

In Drupal 8, an image field can be defined as requiring alternate text. However, this is not the default. This issue requests making it the default.

Steps:

As admin:
1. Add an image field to the Basic Page.

Actual result: Alternative text check box is not checked by default
Expected result: Alternative text check box is checked by default

Workaround: Check box to allow Alternative text.

Actual result: Check box to require alternate text is not checked by default
Expected result: Check box to require alternate text is checked by default


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