Introduce #type elements for base theme hooks in image.module

Part of #2025629: [meta] Ensure that all base theme hooks provided by core used as #theme in renderable arrays have a compatible #type equivalent

Hooks for consideration:

• image_style
• image_style_list
• image_style_effects
• image_style_preview
• image_anchor
• image_resize_summary
• image_scale_summary
• image_crop_summary
• image_rotate_summary
• image_widget
• image_formatter