Spin-off of #1938390: Convert contact_site_page and contact_person_page to a new-style Controller, see #37 and following.
Looking at the output of grep -R "@throws" core/, most place it on the next line if there's any.
core/modules/aggregator/lib/Drupal/aggregator/Controller/AggregatorController.php- *
core/modules/aggregator/lib/Drupal/aggregator/Controller/AggregatorController.php: * @throws \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\AccessDeniedHttpException
core/modules/aggregator/lib/Drupal/aggregator/Controller/AggregatorController.php- * If the query token is missing or invalid.
--
core/modules/field/lib/Drupal/field/Plugin/Core/Entity/FieldInstance.php- *
core/modules/field/lib/Drupal/field/Plugin/Core/Entity/FieldInstance.php: * @throws \Drupal\field\FieldException
core/modules/field/lib/Drupal/field/Plugin/Core/Entity/FieldInstance.php- * If the field instance definition is invalid.
core/modules/field/lib/Drupal/field/Plugin/Core/Entity/FieldInstance.php- *
core/modules/field/lib/Drupal/field/Plugin/Core/Entity/FieldInstance.php: * @throws \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityStorageException
core/modules/field/lib/Drupal/field/Plugin/Core/Entity/FieldInstance.php- * In case of failures at the configuration storage level.
--
core/modules/overlay/lib/Drupal/overlay/Controller/OverlayController.php- * The request object.
core/modules/overlay/lib/Drupal/overlay/Controller/OverlayController.php: * @throws \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\AccessDeniedHttpException
core/modules/overlay/lib/Drupal/overlay/Controller/OverlayController.php- * Thrown when a non valid token was specified.
There are also some wrong cases, like multiple classes on a single @throws, saw a single case with description a single line, some descriptions are pretty stupid ("throws an exception on failures"... you don't say?! ;)) and some missing spaces. Maybe clean that up here while we're at it?