Duplicate BrokenSetUpTest for BrowserTestBase

Problem/Motivation

From #2932909-14: Convert web tests to browser tests for Simpletest module

Drupal\simpletest\Tests\BrokenSetUpTest ensures that WebTestBase does not harm the host site during testing for some use cases.

We currently have no similar guarantee for BrowserTestBase.

Proposed resolution

Replicate Drupal\simpletest\Tests\BrokenSetUpTest for BrowserTestBase.

Remaining tasks

User interface changes

API changes

Data model changes