I filed this issue has a security issue first and got the ok to file it as a public issue since the configure any layout permission is a restrict access permission. @see https://www.drupal.org/drupal-security-team/security-advisory-process-an...
Problem/Motivation
Steps to reproduce
1. Install the Layout Builder module and enable defaults and overrides for the article content type
2. Create a unpublished article node
2. Login as user with "configure any layout" permission
3. View node view page node/1
4. Get "access denied"
5. Go to node/1/layout
Expected result:
403
Actual result:
The Layout Builder representation of the node, with all field values displayed
Proposed resolution
User must have View access to an entity to create/update a layout override.